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Res Ipsa Loquitur

Establishing wrongdoing on the part of a health care provider is often difficult. It requires the hiring of experts, in the same field as the health care professional being charged with misconduct, who must testify as to what the defendant should have done under applicable professional standards. Since medical organizations generally discourage those in the medical professions from testifying against one another, it is difficult to find experts who have the integrity to come forward and testify as to misconduct by one of their peers. In addition, many insurance companies providing coverage to health care providers require that they not testify against other providers who are insured by the same company. Thus, only with the assistance of an experienced malpractice lawyer can a plaintiff be ensured of obtaining all of the relevant evidence and proving all of the requisite elements that will help the plaintiff recover his or her damages.

Proving medical malpractice is also difficult because the defendants are often the ones who write the medical reports that often form the basis of the suit. Since they are often the only ones who are present and know what really occurred when the negligence happened, and they choose how to describe the event, records are often not descriptive of what truly happened. In addition, some health care providers may frame their reports so as to protect someone guilty of misconduct.

Fortunately, the law also recognizes that plaintiffs face certain difficulties in proving medical negligence, due in no small part to the fact that they are often not conscious when the medical negligence occurs. If a patient injured as the result of a medical procedure does not know exactly what caused his or her injury, but it is the type of injury that would not have occurred without negligence on the part of his or her health care provider(s), he or she may invoke a legal doctrine known as "res ipsa loquitur." Translated, this Latin phrase means "the thing speaks for itself," and implies that the plaintiff need only show that a particular result occurred and would not have occurred but for someone's negligence.

To invoke this doctrine successfully, a plaintiff has to show that:

  1. Evidence of the actual cause of the injury is not obtainable
  2. The injury is not the kind that ordinarily occurs in the absence of negligence by someone
  3. The plaintiff was not responsible for his or her own injury
  4. The defendant, or its employees or agents, had exclusive control of the instrumentality that caused the injury
  5. The injury could not have been caused by any instrumentality other than that over which the defendant had control

Once this doctrine is successfully invoked, the burden is not on the plaintiff to show how the defendant was negligent, but on the defendant to show that he or she was not negligent. A classic example of the type of case in which this doctrine arises is where a sponge or other medical instrument is left inside a person following surgery. Typically, a medical report will not state "Dr. Smith left forceps in patient's abdomen," and there may be no recorded proof of how or why the negligence occurred. Yet clearly, a surgical instrument would not be left in a patient in the absence of someone's negligence. Also, an unconscious patient certainly cannot be deemed responsible for this type of injury, and it would have been the operating physician and staff who had exclusive control over the surgical tools.

Thus, the burden falls not on the patient to prove who left the surgical instrument inside him or her, but on the individual health care providers to try to establish that it was not their negligence that resulted in the injury. If an attending physician, who is an independent contractor rather than an employee of a hospital, can demonstrate that he left the operating room and instructed a nurse, who was a hospital employee, to remove and account for all surgical instruments before the patient was closed, the hospital might be held liable for the negligence of its employee. In any event, the co-defendants, rather than the plaintiff, do the bulk of the investigation and finger-pointing, which is quite appropriate given the circumstances.

Conclusion

Medical malpractice cases can be hard to prove. Fortunately, the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur provides one mechanism that can help plaintiffs prove their case by accepting that some circumstances are in and of themselves evidence of negligence. Also fortunately, malpractice lawyers are skilled at getting to the heart of the matter, gathering the relevant evidence, and establishing the plaintiff's case, ensuring the best possible outcome on the injured person's behalf.

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Palm Beach County, Florida, malpractice lawyer Craig Goldenfarb represents clients throughout South Florida, including the cities of Palm Springs, Stuart, and Fort Pierce, and residents of Palm Beach County, Martin County, and St. Lucie County. Our office in West Palm Beach, Florida, is located a quarter mile west of I-95 on Palm Beach Lakes Blvd., behind Chick-Fil-A in the Legacy Bank Building.

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OFFICE LOCATION: 2090 Palm Beach Lakes Blvd. Suite 402
West Palm Beach, FL 33409
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The reader’s understanding of the information on this website about personal injury law does not constitute a formal legal relationship with the Law Offices of Craig Goldenfarb, P.A.  Please do not assume this content to be formal legal advice.  If you would like to know if you have a valid personal injury case, please contact a Palm Beach County malpractice lawyer at the Law Offices of Craig Goldenfarb, P.A. today for a complimentary consultation regarding personal injury law in Palm Beach, West Palm Beach, Lake Worth, Port St. Lucie and Palm Beach County, Florida.
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